Transcription
ENVE 204LECTURE 7:Pumps, energy equation withpumps, pump curves, pumps inparallel, pumps in seriesFundamentals of Hydraulic Engineering Systems, Fourth EditionRobert J. Houghtalen A. Osman Akan Ned H. C. HwangCopyright 2010, 1996 by Pearson Education, Inc.All rights reserved.
PUMPSPumps are divided into: Roto-dynamic or centrifugal pumps and Positive displacement pumpsWithin these main groups there are manydifferent types of pumpsFundamentals of Hydraulic Engineering Systems, Fourth EditionRobert J. Houghtalen A. Osman Akan Ned H. C. HwangCopyright 2010, 1996 by Pearson Education, Inc.All rights reserved.
Turbo-hydraulic pumpsMove fluids with a rotating vane or another moving fluid. Centrifugal pumps Propeller pumps Jet pumpsPositive-displacement pumpsMove fluids strictly by presice machine displacements suchas a gear system rotating with a closed housing (screwpumps) or a piston moving in a sealed cylinder (reciprocalpumps)Fundamentals of Hydraulic Engineering Systems, Fourth EditionRobert J. Houghtalen A. Osman Akan Ned H. C. HwangCopyright 2010, 1996 by Pearson Education, Inc.All rights reserved.
Centrifugal pumpsReciprocating PumpScrew pumpFundamentals of Hydraulic Engineering Systems, Fourth EditionRobert J. Houghtalen A. Osman Akan Ned H. C. HwangCopyright 2010, 1996 by Pearson Education, Inc.All rights reserved.
CENTRIFUGAL PUMP A centrifugal pump is one of the simplest equipmentpieces in any process plant Purpose: convert energy of a motor velocity orkinetic energy pressure energy of a fluid.Two main parts of the pump1) impeller : rotating part (convert driver energy intokinetic energy)2) diffuser: stationary part (convert kinetic energy intopressure energy)Fundamentals of Hydraulic Engineering Systems, Fourth EditionRobert J. Houghtalen A. Osman Akan Ned H. C. HwangCopyright 2010, 1996 by Pearson Education, Inc.All rights reserved.
Figure 5.1 Demour’s centrifugal pumpFundamentals of Hydraulic Engineering Systems, Fourth EditionRobert J. Houghtalen A. Osman Akan Ned H. C. HwangCopyright 2010, 1996 by Pearson Education, Inc.All rights reserved.
Liquid flow path inside a centrifugalpumpFundamentals of Hydraulic Engineering Systems, Fourth EditionRobert J. Houghtalen A. Osman Akan Ned H. C. HwangCopyright 2010, 1996 by Pearson Education, Inc.All rights reserved.
Figure 5.2 Cross sections of a centrifugal pumpHp: amount ofenergy that the pumpimparts to the liquid.Fundamentals of Hydraulic Engineering Systems, Fourth EditionRobert J. Houghtalen A. Osman Akan Ned H. C. HwangCopyright 2010, 1996 by Pearson Education, Inc.All rights reserved.
Fundamentals of Hydraulic Engineering Systems, Fourth EditionRobert J. Houghtalen A. Osman Akan Ned H. C. HwangCopyright 2010, 1996 by Pearson Education, Inc.All rights reserved.
Figure 5.3 Velocity vector diagram; inlet side on the bottom and outlet side on the top (Note: u is the speed of theimpeller vane (u rω); V is the relative velocity of the liquid with respect to the vane; V is the absolute velocity of theliquid, a vector sum of u and ѵ . β0 is the vane angle at the exit, βi is the vane angle at the entrance, r ri is the radiusof the impeller eye at the entrance, and r r0 is the radius of the impeller at the exit.)Fundamentals of Hydraulic Engineering Systems, Fourth EditionRobert J. Houghtalen A. Osman Akan Ned H. C. HwangCopyright 2010, 1996 by Pearson Education, Inc.All rights reserved.
Hydraulic Types of PumpsFundamentals of Hydraulic Engineering Systems, Fourth EditionRobert J. Houghtalen A. Osman Akan Ned H. C. HwangCopyright 2010, 1996 by Pearson Education, Inc.All rights reserved.
Impeller TypesFundamentals of Hydraulic Engineering Systems, Fourth EditionRobert J. Houghtalen A. Osman Akan Ned H. C. HwangCopyright 2010, 1996 by Pearson Education, Inc.All rights reserved.
Figure 5.4 Propeller pumpFundamentals of Hydraulic Engineering Systems, Fourth EditionRobert J. Houghtalen A. Osman Akan Ned H. C. HwangCopyright 2010, 1996 by Pearson Education, Inc.All rights reserved.
Figure 5.5 Multistage propeller pumpPaşaköyWWTPFundamentals of Hydraulic Engineering Systems, Fourth EditionRobert J. Houghtalen A. Osman Akan Ned H. C. HwangCopyright 2010, 1996 by Pearson Education, Inc.All rights reserved.
Figure 5.6 Jet pumpFundamentals of Hydraulic Engineering Systems, Fourth EditionRobert J. Houghtalen A. Osman Akan Ned H. C. HwangCopyright 2010, 1996 by Pearson Education, Inc.All rights reserved.
Figure 5.7 Jet pump as a boosterFundamentals of Hydraulic Engineering Systems, Fourth EditionRobert J. Houghtalen A. Osman Akan Ned H. C. HwangCopyright 2010, 1996 by Pearson Education, Inc.All rights reserved.
Definition of Important Terms CapacityHeadBHP (Brake Horse Power)BEP (Best Efficiency Point)Specific SpeedFundamentals of Hydraulic Engineering Systems, Fourth EditionRobert J. Houghtalen A. Osman Akan Ned H. C. HwangCopyright 2010, 1996 by Pearson Education, Inc.All rights reserved.
Definition of Important TermsHead:Static Suction Head, hsStatic Discharge Head, hdFriction Head, hfVapor Pressure Head, hpvPressure Head, hpVelocity Head, hvTotal Suction Head, HsTotal Discharge Head, HdTotal Differential Head, HtFundamentals of Hydraulic Engineering Systems, Fourth EditionRobert J. Houghtalen A. Osman Akan Ned H. C. HwangCopyright 2010, 1996 by Pearson Education, Inc.All rights reserved.
Figure 5.8 Typical pump characteristic curvesFundamentals of Hydraulic Engineering Systems, Fourth EditionRobert J. Houghtalen A. Osman Akan Ned H. C. HwangCopyright 2010, 1996 by Pearson Education, Inc.All rights reserved.
Figure 5.9 Single pump and pipelineEA Hp EB hforHp EB-EA hf-Part of the energy added to the flow by the pump is expended in raising water fromelevation EA to EB-Part of it expended to overcome the flow resistanceEB-EA Hs elevation rise (static head)Hp Hs HfFundamentals of Hydraulic Engineering Systems, Fourth EditionRobert J. Houghtalen A. Osman Akan Ned H. C. HwangCopyright 2010, 1996 by Pearson Education, Inc.All rights reserved.
Figure 5.10A Single pump and pipeline analysisFundamentals of Hydraulic Engineering Systems, Fourth EditionRobert J. Houghtalen A. Osman Akan Ned H. C. HwangCopyright 2010, 1996 by Pearson Education, Inc.All rights reserved.
Figure 5.10B Single pump and pipeline analysis at a different rotational speedFundamentals of Hydraulic Engineering Systems, Fourth EditionRobert J. Houghtalen A. Osman Akan Ned H. C. HwangCopyright 2010, 1996 by Pearson Education, Inc.All rights reserved.
Fundamentals of Hydraulic Engineering Systems, Fourth EditionRobert J. Houghtalen A. Osman Akan Ned H. C. HwangCopyright 2010, 1996 by Pearson Education, Inc.All rights reserved.
Pump performance & efficiency curveFundamentals of Hydraulic Engineering Systems, Fourth EditionRobert J. Houghtalen A. Osman Akan Ned H. C. HwangCopyright 2010, 1996 by Pearson Education, Inc.All rights reserved.
Operating Conditions (Q, Hp, Eff.)Fundamentals of Hydraulic Engineering Systems, Fourth EditionRobert J. Houghtalen A. Osman Akan Ned H. C. HwangCopyright 2010, 1996 by Pearson Education, Inc.All rights reserved.
Figure 5.11 Pump characteristics for two pumps in parallelQ1 Q2Fundamentals of Hydraulic Engineering Systems, Fourth EditionRobert J. Houghtalen A. Osman Akan Ned H. C. HwangQ Q1 Q2Copyright 2010, 1996 by Pearson Education, Inc.All rights reserved.
Figure 5.12 Pump characteristics for two pumps in seriesH H1 H2H2H1Fundamentals of Hydraulic Engineering Systems, Fourth EditionRobert J. Houghtalen A. Osman Akan Ned H. C. HwangCopyright 2010, 1996 by Pearson Education, Inc.All rights reserved.
Figure 5.13 Typical performance curves of two pumps connected in parallel B and in series CFundamentals of Hydraulic Engineering Systems, Fourth EditionRobert J. Houghtalen A. Osman Akan Ned H. C. HwangCopyright 2010, 1996 by Pearson Education, Inc.All rights reserved.
Figure 5.14 Schematic of pump operation either in series or in parallelParallel operationopencloseopenFundamentals of Hydraulic Engineering Systems, Fourth EditionRobert J. Houghtalen A. Osman Akan Ned H. C. HwangCopyright 2010, 1996 by Pearson Education, Inc.All rights reserved.
Figure 5.14 Schematic of pump operation either in series or in parallelSeries operationcloseopencloseFundamentals of Hydraulic Engineering Systems, Fourth EditionRobert J. Houghtalen A. Osman Akan Ned H. C. HwangCopyright 2010, 1996 by Pearson Education, Inc.All rights reserved.
Figure 5.15 Single pump and two pipesFundamentals of Hydraulic Engineering Systems, Fourth EditionRobert J. Houghtalen A. Osman Akan Ned H. C. HwangCopyright 2010, 1996 by Pearson Education, Inc.All rights reserved.
Figure 5.16 Graphical solution for Example 5.5Fundamentals of Hydraulic Engineering Systems, Fourth EditionRobert J. Houghtalen A. Osman Akan Ned H. C. HwangCopyright 2010, 1996 by Pearson Education, Inc.All rights reserved.
Figure 5.17 Branching pipe system of Example 5.6Fundamentals of Hydraulic Engineering Systems, Fourth EditionRobert J. Houghtalen A. Osman Akan Ned H. C. HwangCopyright 2010, 1996 by Pearson Education, Inc.All rights reserved.
Figure 5.18 Graphical solution for Example 5.6Fundamentals of Hydraulic Engineering Systems, Fourth EditionRobert J. Houghtalen A. Osman Akan Ned H. C. HwangCopyright 2010, 1996 by Pearson Education, Inc.All rights reserved.
Figure 5.19 Pipe network for Example 5.7Fundamentals of Hydraulic Engineering Systems, Fourth EditionRobert J. Houghtalen A. Osman Akan Ned H. C. HwangCopyright 2010, 1996 by Pearson Education, Inc.All rights reserved.
Figure 5.20 Energy and pressure relationship in a centrifugal pumpFundamentals of Hydraulic Engineering Systems, Fourth EditionRobert J. Houghtalen A. Osman Akan Ned H. C. HwangCopyright 2010, 1996 by Pearson Education, Inc.All rights reserved.
Table 5.1 Conversion of Specific SpeedFundamentals of Hydraulic Engineering Systems, Fourth EditionRobert J. Houghtalen A. Osman Akan Ned H. C. HwangCopyright 2010, 1996 by Pearson Education, Inc.All rights reserved.
Figure 5.21 Relative impeller shapes and the approximate values of shape numbers, S, as defined in Table 5.1Fundamentals of Hydraulic Engineering Systems, Fourth EditionRobert J. Houghtalen A. Osman Akan Ned H. C. HwangCopyright 2010, 1996 by Pearson Education, Inc.All rights reserved.
Figure 5.22 Discharge, head, and power requirements of different types of pumpsFundamentals of Hydraulic Engineering Systems, Fourth EditionRobert J. Houghtalen A. Osman Akan Ned H. C. HwangCopyright 2010, 1996 by Pearson Education, Inc.All rights reserved.
Figure 5.23 Pump model selection chartFundamentals of Hydraulic Engineering Systems, Fourth EditionRobert J. Houghtalen A. Osman Akan Ned H. C. HwangCopyright 2010, 1996 by Pearson Education, Inc.All rights reserved.
Figure 5.24 Characteristic curves for several pump modelsFundamentals of Hydraulic Engineering Systems, Fourth EditionRobert J. Houghtalen A. Osman Akan Ned H. C. HwangCopyright 2010, 1996 by Pearson Education, Inc.All rights reserved.
Figure 5.24 (continued) Characteristic curves for several pump modelsFundamentals of Hydraulic Engineering Systems, Fourth EditionRobert J. Houghtalen A. Osman Akan Ned H. C. HwangCopyright 2010, 1996 by Pearson Education, Inc.All rights reserved.
Problem 5.4.5 (Hwang, 3rd Edition) : A 70-kW motor is avaliable to drive one ofthe pumps shown in Figure 5.24. The system is designed to deliver a minimumdischarge of 80 L/s, over an elevation difference of 20 m. The system uses awrought iron pipe, 150 m long and 15 cm in diameter to transport water at 100C.Select the pump based on the consideration of lowest energy consumption.Min. Desired flowrate: 80 l/s (Pump III or IV can be used)70 kw motor is avaliableStatic Head: 20 m, e: 0.045 (wrought iron pipe), L:150 m, D:0.15 m, T: 100C.Fundamentals of Hydraulic Engineering Systems, Fourth EditionRobert J. Houghtalen A. Osman Akan Ned H. C. HwangCopyright 2010, 1996 by Pearson Education, Inc.All rights reserved.
Pump III3250 rpmQ 52 L/s 80 L/s3550 rpmQ 65 L/s 80 L/s3850 rpmQ 80 l/sH 39 mEff 59 %4050 rpmQ 86 L/sH 42 m, Eff 58-59 %Fundamentals of Hydraulic Engineering Systems, Fourth EditionRobert J. Houghtalen A. Osman Akan Ned H. C. HwangCopyright 2010, 1996 by Pearson Education, Inc.All rights reserved.
Pump IV3250 rpmQ 55 L/s 80 L/s3550 rpmQ 74 L/s 80 L/s3850 rpmQ 85 l/sH 38 mEff 55 %Fundamentals of Hydraulic Engineering Systems, Fourth EditionRobert J. Houghtalen A. Osman Akan Ned H. C. HwangCopyright 2010, 1996 by Pearson Education, Inc.All rights reserved.
Pump III3850 rpmQ 80 l/sH 39 mEff 59 %Pump IV3850 rpmQ 85 l/sH 38 mEff 55 %Fundamentals of Hydraulic Engineering Systems, Fourth EditionRobert J. Houghtalen A. Osman Akan Ned H. C. HwangCopyright 2010, 1996 by Pearson Education, Inc.All rights reserved.
Pump III3250 rpmQ 52 L/s 80 L/s3550 rpmQ 65 L/s 80 L/s3850 rpmQ 80 l/sH 39 mEff 59 %4050 rpmQ 86 L/sH 42 m, Eff 58-59 %Fundamentals of Hydraulic Engineering Systems, Fourth EditionRobert J. Houghtalen A. Osman Akan Ned H. C. HwangCopyright 2010, 1996 by Pearson Education, Inc.All rights reserved.
Pump IV3250 rpmQ 55 L/s 80 L/s3550 rpmQ 74 L/s 80 L/s3850 rpmQ 85 l/sH 38 mEff 55 %Fundamentals of Hydraulic Engineering Systems, Fourth EditionRobert J. Houghtalen A. Osman Akan Ned H. C. HwangCopyright 2010, 1996 by Pearson Education, Inc.All rights reserved.
Turbo-hydraulic pumps Move fluids with a rotating vane or another moving fluid. Centrifugal pumps Propeller pumps Jet pumps Positive-displacement pumps Move fluids strictly by presice machine displacements such as a gear system rotating with a closed housing (screw pumps) or a piston moving
